We offer a broad range of technologies to meet any of your protein analysis needs, whether you are sorting out the individual subunits of an enzyme complex, or measuring changes in the levels of a large panel of key proteins in a metabolic pathway. Please review the matrix below to see where each technology fits into the spectra of features, and review detailed features and benefits for each technology below.

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Monoclonal Antibodies learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Our antibody line includes well-characterized mouse monoclonals for use in Western blotting, ICC, IHC, and blue native applications.
Features and Benefits:	• High specificity - We use the most rigorous possible screening process during antibody development to ensure that you are labeling only your target and nothing else - guaranteed. • High affinity & purity - You will be able to use less antibody for a stronger signal. • Well-characterized - We have tested our antibodies in numerous applications and species, and there are multiple citations for most of our antibodies.
Recommended Applications:	Any experiments where cost efficiency, simplicity, and method reliability have paramount importance.

Antibody Cocktails & Kits learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Pre-mixed, optimized Western blotting cocktails, and complete kits for 2-dye immunocytochemistry, for use in analyzing the levels of sets of key proteins involved in mitochondrial function and structure, and for following the translocation of proteins during apoptosis.
Features and Benefits:	• Fast & Convenient - Each antibody has been selected and mixed to provide for similar signal intensity and no overlap in molecular weight, allowing you to analyze multiple targets in one lane. • Comprehensive - Complete sets of relevant analytes are included, and in many cases multiple reference targets are included in each cocktail, ensuring that your experiment is properly controlled.
Recommended Applications:	Studies of metabolic pathways or apoptosis where reliability and cost-efficiency are most important.

Immunocapture Kits learn more & view all products >

Overview:	EnzymeLok™ monoclonal antibodies are able to capture large, fully intact, fully active protein complexes from tissue, cells, or other sample types. These antibodies are conjugated to agarose beads as Immunocapture Kits for a complete enzyme purification solution. EnzymeLok™ antibodies are also available individually-vialed for use with your preferred platform.
Features and Benefits:	• Accurate - Captured enzymes maintain their native assembly state and functional activity, ensuring that your experiments will be biologically relevant. • Flexible - Multiple sample types can be used with minimal sample prep, and only small sample amounts are required, giving you more experimental options. • Convenient - Kits include the antibodies pre-bound to beads with a control sample included.
Recommended Applications:	• Studies of enzyme post-translational modifications, including oxidative/nitrative modifications and phosphorylation state. • Proteomic analysis of subunit assembly.

Microplate Assays: Enzyme Activity learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Our microplate enzyme activity assays utilize our EnzymeLok™ antibodies to capture mitochondrial enzymes in 96-well plates. Substrates are added to the wells and a measurement of functional activity is made by colorimetrically following the product of a reaction. By isolating the enzyme from the sample, the enzyme's true functional state can be understood. The same basic technology is also used in our Dipstick Activity Assays (see below), which are more amenable to rapid, low-throughput applications. For some targets, duplexing assays are available that can measure the enzyme activity and quantity in the same well.
Features and Benefits:	• High Throughput - Up to 96 samples can be analyzed simultaneously, and there is no need to isolate mitochondria from your sample. • Accurate - By capturing the enzyme and measuring its activity in isolation you can be sure that its functional state is well-characterized. • Flexible - Multiple sample types can be used with minimal sample prep, and only small sample amounts are required, giving you more experimental options.
Recommended Applications:	• Drug toxicity - High-throughput in vitro or cell-based screening for drug-induced inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme function. • Drug discovery - High-throughput in vitro, cell-based, or tissue-based screening of samples for increased mitochondrial enzyme function or reduced oxidative stress. • Screening large numbers of samples for reduced mitochondrial enzyme function due to genetic disorders.

Microplate Assays: Protein Quantity learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Microplate protein quantification assays utilize the well-established sandwich ELISA concept, whereby monoclonal capture antibodies are used to immobilize the target protein in 96-well plates. A second detector monoclonal antibody, which has been identified as binding to a different epitope on the target, is used to measure the protein level. The detector antibody is tagged with HRP or AP, and so is readable by any standard spectrophotometer. The same basic technology is also used in our Dipstick Quantity Assays (see below), which are more amenable to rapid, low-throughput applications. For some targets, duplexing assays are available that can measure the enzyme activity and quantity in the same well.
Features and Benefits:	• High Throughput - Up to 96 samples can be analyzed simultaneously, and there is no need to isolate mitochondria from your sample. • Accurate - By using monoclonal antibodies both for capture and detection you can be sure that only the target protein is being measured. • Flexible - Multiple sample types can be used with minimal sample prep, and only small sample amounts are required, giving you more experimental options.
Recommended Applications:	• Drug toxicity - High-throughput in vitro or cell-based screening for drug-induced down-regulation of mitochondrial proteins. • Drug discovery - High-throughput in vitro, cell-based, or tissue-based screening of samples for up-regulation of mitochondrial proteins. • Screening large numbers of samples for down-regulation of mitochondrial proteins due to genetic disorders.

Dipstick Assays: Enzyme Activity learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Our dipstick enzyme activity assays utilize our EnzymeLok™ antibodies to capture mitochondrial enzymes on nitrocellulose membranes. Substrates are added to the wells of a 96 well plate along with the sample, the combined solution is wicked up through the dipstick, and a measurement of functional activity is made by colorimetrically following the product of a reaction. By isolating the enzyme from the sample, the enzyme's true functional state can be understood.
Features and Benefits:	• Rapid - The entire assay, including sample prep, can be run in less than one hour. • Simple - Require minimal sample prep and only a few overall steps. • Sensitive - As little as 3 µg of sample material per test is all that is required. • Flexible - Multiple sample types can be used, including cheek swab samples and in some cases whole blood.
Recommended Applications:	• Drug toxicity & discovery - Useful for following biomarkers established in vitro during animal studies and clinical trials. • Patient testing - For studying patient samples during disease research projects.

Dipstick Assays: Protein Quantity learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Our dipstick protein quantity assays utilize our EnzymeLok™ antibodies to capture mitochondrial enzymes on nitrocellulose membranes. A second monoclonal detector antibody is combined with the sample and the solution is wicked up through the capture line. The assay is very quantitative and easy to measure.
Features and Benefits:	• Rapid - The entire assay, including sample prep, can be run in less than one hour. • Simple - Requires minimal sample prep and only a few overall steps. • Sensitive - As little as 3 µg of sample material per test is all that is required. • Flexible - Multiple sample types can be used, including cheek swab samples and in some cases whole blood.
Recommended Applications:	• Drug toxicity & discovery - Useful for following biomarkers established in vitro during animal studies and clinical trials. • Patient testing - For studying patient samples during disease research projects.

MetaPath™ Multiplex Arrays learn more & view all products >

Overview:	Available in both dipstick and microplate format, MetaPath™ arrays allow for the simultaneous measurement of 4 or more proteins in a single (very small) sample. These assays employ sandwich ELISA technology as described for protein quantity assays above, and so are very quantitative.
Features and Benefits:	• Flexible - Both rapid (dipstick) and ultra high-throughput (96 well) options are available for each panel allowing for a variety of sample types and experimental protocols. • Accurate - Since only monoclonal-monoclonal pairs are used, cross-talk is eliminated, ensuring that signal strength is an accurate representation of protein level. • Sensitive - As little as 3 µg of sample material per test is all that is required.
Recommended Applications:	• Drug toxicity & discovery - In vitro screening and investigational studies as well as clinical trials. • Patient testing - For studying patient samples during disease research projects.