Mitochondria are a primary site of production of free radicals. While more than 98% of the molecular oxygen taken up by cells is fully utilized by cytochrome c oxidase to form water, this enzyme can release partly reduced species. Other enzymes of the respiratory chain, and in particular complexes I and III, also produce partly reduced oxygen species including superoxide.

These reactive oxygen species can react with nitric oxide to produce reactive nitrogen species including peroxynitrite. While a significant proportion of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species diffuse into the cytosol, a major portion remains in the mitochondrion. The levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced is a function of the activity and more specifically the dysfunction of the OXPHOS chain. The less efficient electron transfer is, the more radicals are produced. Free radical damage of cytosolic proteins increases with increased levels of radical production. Moreover, oxidative and nitrative damage of mitochondrial proteins adds to OXPHOS dysfunction further exacerbating free radical production.


Enhanced oxidative stress is now well documented to occur in a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and diabetes. MitoSciences has a set of mAbs that can immunocapture all 5 OXPHOS complexes for subsequent analysis of accrued oxidative and nitrative damage, either with antibodies to the modified amino acid or by mass spectrometric analysis.

Cat. No.	Name	Reactivity	Apps.	Amount	Price
MS786	Aconitase antibody	human, rat, mouse	ICC, ICE, IP	100 µg	$325.00
MS721	Catalase antibody	human, bovine, rat	ICC, IP, ICE	100 µg	$325.00
MS703	Nitrotyrosine antibody	human, mouse, rat, bovine	WB, ICC, IP, ICE	100 µg	$325.00
MS732	SOD2 antibody	human, bovine, rat, mouse	ICC, IHC, IP, ICE	100 µg	$325.00

Cat. No.	Name	Reactivity	Amount	Price
MS745	Aconitase Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit	all species	96 tests	$425.00

Cat. No.	Name	Reactivity	Amount	Price
MSFX-24	Catalase FlexPlex™ Module	human	4 strips (32 tests)	$125.00
MSFX-12	SOD2 FlexPlex™ Module	human	4 strips (32 tests)	$125.00

Cat. No.	Name	Reactivity	Amount	Price
MSA01	ANT Immunocapture Kit	human, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS501	ATP synthase Immunocapture Kit	human, mouse, rat, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS101	Complex I Immunocapture Kit	human, mouse, rat, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS201	Complex II Immunocapture Kit	human, mouse, rat, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS301	Complex III Immunocapture Kit	human, mouse, rat, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS401	Complex IV Human Immunocapture Kit	human, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MS402	Complex IV Rodent Immunocapture Kit	mouse, rat	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00
MSP01	PDH Immunocapture Kit	human, bovine	250 µg	$375.00
			500 µg	$675.00
			750 µg	$875.00