Products for the Permeability Transition Pore (PTP)
- Research Kits
- Individual Antibodies
Overview
A number of proteins found in mitochondria combine under circumstances favoring apoptosis to form the so-called permeability transition pore.
Proteins variously identified as a part of the PTP include cytosolic hexokinase, outer membrane porin (also called the voltage dependent anion channel or VDAC), adenylate cyclase in the intermembrane space, the adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) and the peripheral benzodiazipine receptor protein of the inner membrane along with cyclophilin D of the matrix space. A possible structural arrangement of these proteins is shown in the Figure. Hexokinase, porin and ANT all occur as isoforms and it remains to be determined whether there is specificity of these different forms for the PTP.
ANT is a reversible transporter of ATP and ADP. During OXPHOS the protein, probably as a dimer exchanges ATP out for ADP in but when it becomes important to maintain a membrane potential at times when OXPHOS is not working, ANT can work in reverse. Mutant ANT has been identified in cardiomyopathy, and autoimmune reactions to this protein also cause heart related diseases.
Cyclophilin D is the binding site for cyclosporins and this protein may gate the PTP.
Research Kits
MSA01 ANT Immunocapture Kit
250 µg monoclonal antibody irreversibly crosslinked to protein G-agarose beads which can immunocapture ANT from heart mitochondria. Also included are 2 mg of bovine heart mitochondria for control immunocapture.
MSA07 Apoptosis Detection Kit
MSA07 detects apoptotic cells with high specificity. It contains an anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg) which has a fluorescein fluorophore conjugated to it. The kit also contains an anti-Complex Vα monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate Texas Red fluorophore-conjugated isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg). Complex V serves as a mitochondrial marker in healthy and apoptotic cells.
Individual Antibodies
MSA01c ANT Immunocapture monoclonal antibody
100 µg monoclonal antibody which can immunocapture ANT from heart mitochondria. Also included are 2 mg of bovine heart mitochondria for control immunocapture.
MSA02 ANT monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 32 kDa adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control. MSA02 also labels ANT in immunocytochemical applications.
MSA03 Porin monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 39 kDa human porin (VDAC) for Western blotting applications. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.
MSA04 Cyclophilin D monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 21 kDa human Cyclophilin 'D' (P30405). Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control. MSA04 also labels Cyclophilin D in immunocytochemical applications.
MSA05 Porin monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 39 kDa human porin (VDAC) for immunocytochemistry.
MSA06 Cytochrome c monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody against the 12 kDa Cytochrome c, suitable for use in Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western Blotting control.
MSA08 Porin monoclonal antibody for yeast
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against Porin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for use in Western blotting applications.
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MSA07 Apoptosis Detection Kit
Apoptotic cells which have released mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol can be differentiated from non apoptotic cells which still retain cytochrome c in their mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy. The kit also contains an anti-Complex V α monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg) which has a Texas Red fluorophore conjugated to it.
Complex V is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein and serves as a mitochondrial marker since it is not released into the cytoplasm during apoptosis, unlike cytochrome c. Thus one is able to observe cytochrome c and a mitochondrial marker (Complex Vα) simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy using MSA07. Buffers and blocking solution for immunocytochemical analysis are also included in the kit.
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Summary of Recent Research
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