Products for Cytochrome c
- Research Kits
- Individual Antibodies
Overview
Cytochrome c is a water-soluble mitochondrial intermembrane-space protein loosely attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is approximately 13 kDa. It plays important roles in two processes: oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis.
As an electron carrier in oxidative phosphorylation, cytochrome c shuttles four electrons, one at time, via its heme group from Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) to Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase).
As a crucial player in apoptosis (programmed cell death), cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria to the cytosol where it binds to an adaptor subunit, APAF-1 in the presence of dATP, leading to activation of caspase 9. Caspase 9 triggers activation of other caspases which cleave and destroy other proteins. This results in cell death.
Because cytochrome c leaves the apoptotic cell following induction of apoptosis it is being increasingly recognized as a potentially useful circulating extracellular diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for disease conditions in which apoptosis is involved.
For an overview of cytochrome c's potential utility as a biomarker click here.
Research Kits
MSA41 MitoProfile® Rapid Microplate Assay Kit for Cytochrome c Quantity
A 96-well activity microplate kit that is used to determine the amount of cytochrome c in a human, bovine, mouse, or rat samples. Includes detergent, substrates, and 96-well microplate with monoclonal antibody pre-bound to the wells of the plate, allowing for a stream-lined assay.
MSA07 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Immunocytochemistry
MSA07 detects apoptotic cells with high specificity. It contains an anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg) which has a fluorescein fluorophore conjugated to it. The kit also contains an anti-Complex V α monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate Texas Red fluorophore-conjugated isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg). Complex V serves as a mitochondrial marker in healthy and apoptotic cells.
MSA11 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Western Blotting
Contains 180 µg of premixed cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies and necessary buffers and detergent allowing for a rapid method to measure the fraction of cytochrome c released from mitochondria into the cytosol during apoptosis. Human heart mitochondria are included as a Western blotting control.
MSA12 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Cocktail
Contains 180 µg of premixed cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies that allows detection of cytochrome c in the cytoplasmic and mitochondria-containing fractions by Western Blot analysis to determine the proportion of released cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.
Individual Antibodies
MSA06 Cytochrome c monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody against Cytochrome c, suitable for use in Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry.
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ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Immunocytochemistry
Apoptotic cells which have released mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol can be differentiated from non apoptotic cells which still retain cytochrome c in their mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy. The kit also contains an anti-Complex V α monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg) which has a Texas Red fluorophore conjugated to it.
Complex V is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein and serves as a mitochondrial marker since it is not released into the cytoplasm during apoptosis, unlike cytochrome c. Thus one is able to observe cytochrome c and a mitochondrial marker (Complex Vα) simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy using MSA07. Buffers and blocking solution for immunocytochemical analysis are also included in the kit.
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Summary of Recent Research
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