Products for Apoptosis Research
- Research Kits
- Individual Antibodies
Overview
Mitochondria are at the center of apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death. Intra-cellular and extra-cellular signals alter the association of a set of cytosolic pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins with the organelle. These include the bax and bcl-2 families of proteins.
Alterations in the ratio of bax and bcl-2 like proteins regulate the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane and can result in the release of several proteins from the inter-membrane space, including cytochrome c, SMAC-Diablo and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor). Cytochrome c then reacts with a cytosolic protein APAF to induce an irreversible cascade of events involving caspases that lead to the orderly degradation of proteins and DNA.
A key contributor to the altered permeability of the organelle in apoptosis is the so-called permeability transition pore (PTP). This complex remains to be fully characterized but is thought to include hexokinase, porin and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor of the outer membrane, adenylate kinase of the intermembrane space, ANT (the adenine nucleotide transporter) of the inner membrane and cyclophilin D from the matrix space. MitoSciences has mAbs to several of the PTP proteins.
Research Kits
MSA07 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Immunocytochemistry
MSA07 detects apoptotic cells with high specificity. It contains an anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg) which has a fluorescein fluorophore conjugated to it. The kit also contains an anti-Complex V α monoclonal antibody (50 µg) and the appropriate Texas Red fluorophore-conjugated isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 µg). Complex V serves as a mitochondrial marker in healthy and apoptotic cells.
MSA11 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Western Blotting
Contains 180 µg of premixed cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies and necessary buffers and detergent allowing for a rapid method to measure the fraction of cytochrome c released from mitochondria into the cytosol during apoptosis. Human heart mitochondria are included as a Western blotting control.
MSA12 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Cocktail
Contains 180 µg of premixed cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies that allows detection of cytochrome c in the cytoplasmic and mitochondria-containing fractions by Western Blot analysis to determine the proportion of released cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.
MSA31 MitoProfile® Dipstick Assay for Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF)
This kit contains 30 or 60 dipsticks and necessary components to quantify the amount of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) from human sample material.
MSA41 MitoProfile® Rapid Microplate Assay Kit for Cytochrome c Quantity
A 96-well activity microplate kit that is used to determine the amount of cytochrome c in a human, bovine, mouse, or rat samples. Includes detergent, substrates, and 96-well microplate with monoclonal antibody pre-bound to the wells of the plate, allowing for a stream-lined assay.
Individual Antibodies
MSA01c ANT Immunocapture monoclonal antibody
100 µg monoclonal antibody which can immunocapture ANT from heart mitochondria.
MSA02 ANT monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 32 kDa adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). MSA02 also labels ANT in immunocytochemical applications.
MSA03 Porin monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 30 kDa human porin (VDAC1) for Western blotting applications.
MSA04 Cyclophilin D monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the human Mitochondrial Cyclophilin 'D' also known as "PPIF" (Uniprot/Swiss-Prot entry = P30405). This antibody targets the processed form of Mitochondrial Cyclophilin D (17-18KDa) which does not contain the mitochondrial targeting sequence, a 29 amino-acid leader sequence necessary for import of the protein into this organelle. MSA04 also labels Mitochondrial Cyclophilin D in immunocytochemical applications.
MSA05 Porin monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 30 kDa human porin (VDAC1) for immunocytochemistry.
MSA06 Cytochrome c monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody against the 12 kDa Cytochrome c, suitable for use in Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry.
MSA08 Porin monoclonal antibody for yeast
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against Porin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for use in Western blotting applications.
MSA09 AIF (Apoptosis-Inducing Factor) monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 67 kDa AIF, suitable for use in for Western blotting and immunocytochemistry applications.
MS103 Complex I subunit GRIM-19 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 19 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit GRIM-19. MS103 also labels GRIM-19 in immunocytochemical applications. Interestingly GRIM-19 is also present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Its expression is necessary for interferonβ/retinoic acid induced tumor mortality.
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MSA11 ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis Kit for Western Blotting
This kit provides a fast, efficient, accurate and quantitaive approach for separating the cytoplasm from the mitochondria without the need for mechanical cell disruption. Also included is a four-antibody cocktail for quantifying cytochrome c in the fractions while simultaneously verifying the validity of the fractions.
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